Zita (noun)
Mazita akaumbwa nezvinhu zviviri: chivakashure (prefix) + dzitsi (stem) sokuti:
Zita Chivakashure Dzitsi
mukadzi mu- + -kadzi
muti mu- + -ti
ruoko ru- + -oko
Panewo mamwe mazita ane zvivakashure zvisiri pachena. Zvivakashure izvi zvinozobuda pachena chete kana zita iri ranyatsopenengurwa. Mazita anotevera aya haana zvivakashure zviri pachena.
baba jira mhuka
mbuya sekuru zasi
Tinotenda (zita romunhu)
Tichatsanangura nezvezvivakashure izvi mundima dzinotevera.
Mhando dzezvivakashure
Madzitsi mazhinji anowanzo wanikwa nezvivakashure zviviri sokuti:
mu- + -rume murume
va- + -rume varume
mu + -ti muti
mi + -ti miti
Zvivakashure zviviri izvi zvinowanzowanikwa nedzitsi rimwe chete zvinonzi maPrimary prefixes nokuda kwokuti hazvina zvazvinotitaurira maererano nemamiriro akaita chinhu chacho.
Panewo zvivakashure zvatinogona kusanganisa nemadzitsi azvisingawanzo sanganiswa nawo kubuditsa pfungwa yokunyomba kana kutsanangura sokuti:
ka- + -komana
chi- + -rume
ka- + -sikana
Zvivakashure zvinobuditsa pfungwa yekutsanangura tinozviti masecondary/commentary prefix.
Mupanda Chivakashure Zita
1 mu- murume
1a ø- Taurai
2 va- varume
2a va- vashe
2b a- ambuya
3 mu- muti
4 mi- miti
5 (ri-) jira
6 ma- machira
7 chi- chikoro
8 zvi- zvikoro
9 N- mhuka
10 N- mhuka
11 ru- ruoko
12 ka- kambwa
13 tu- tumba
14 hu- huroyi
15 ku- kuba
16 pa- pamba
17 ku- kuzasi
17a ø- zasi
18 mu- mumba
19 svi- svisikani
21 zi- zikomana
Kuiswa kwemazita mumipanda (noun classes)
Panenzira dzakati wandei dzokuisa mazita mumipanda yawo.
1. Chivakashure (Prefix)
Kazhinji mazita ane zvivakashure zvakafanana anowanzoiswa mumipanda yakafanana sokuti:
mu- + -kadzi (1)
mu- + -komana (1)
mu- + -fundisi (1)
Mazita aya ose ane chivakashure mu- saka ose anoiswa mumupanda 1.
2 Sungawirirano (concordial agreement)
Kune mazita akatowanda kwazvo anezvivakashure zvakafanana asi achiiswa mumipanda yakasiyana. Sokuti:
murume chivakashure ndimu- ririmumupanda 1
muti anechivakashure mu- arimumupanda 3
mukati anechivakashure mu- asi arimumupanda 18
Manzwi aya anoiswa mumipanda yawo tichishandisa sungawirirano. Ane sungawirirano yakasiyana saka noiswawo mumipanda yakasiyana sokuti:
Iye murume uyu anonetsa. (1)
Iwo muti uyu ngautemwe. (3)
Imo mukati umu mune tsvina. (18)
3. Zvanoreva
Zvinogonekwa kuti pave nemazita ane zvivakashure nesungawirirano yakafanana asi ari mumipanda yakasiyana sokuti:
kuba uku (15)
kumba uku (17)
Mazita aya arimumipanda yakasiyana nokuti anoreva zvakasiyana. Mazita arimumupanda 15 akabva muzviito (gerunds) asi ari mumupanda 17 anoratidza nzvimbo (adverbs). Mazita aya anenge akatoumbwawo zvakasiyana sokuti:
ku- + -b- + -a
ku- + -mba
4. Sungawirirano youshoma nouwandu
Kazhinji mupanda wezita rinoratidza ushoma unoteverwa nemupanda unoratidza uzhinji wemazita emupanda uyu. Sokuti
musikana (1) vasikana (2)
muti (3) miti (4)
kambwa (12) tumbwa (13)
